1. Let’s talk about the conclusion first (how to learn with the least pain)

• The order must be: Docker → Kubernetes (K8s)
• Docker is "how to put programs into boxes"
• K8s is "how to manage a bunch of boxes"

Without Docker, K8s is basically incomprehensible.

2. Docker Tutorial (Getting Started → Practical Combat)

1️⃣ What is Docker (one sentence version)

• Package the program + running environment into an Image
• It runs as Container
• No longer afraid of "it can run on my computer"

2️⃣ Docker must learn core concepts (interview & practical)

Concept	One sentence
Image	The "installation package" of the program
Container	Running Image
Dockerfile	How to build Image
Volume	Data persistence
Network	Communication between containers
Registry	Mirror Warehouse (Docker Hub)

3️⃣ Getting started with Docker (must type by yourself)

# 1. 拉镜像
docker pull nginx

# 2. 运行容器
docker run -d -p 8080:80 nginx

# 3. 看运行状态
docker ps

# 4. 停止容器
docker stop <container_id>

Browser access 👉 http://localhost:8080

4️⃣ Dockerfile (Key Points‼️)

Minimal usable example (Python)

FROM python:3.10-slim
WORKDIR /app
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
COPY . .
CMD ["python", "app.py"]

Build & Run:

docker build -t myapp .
docker run -p 5000:5000 myapp

👉 This step is a watershed for Docker

5️⃣ Docker advanced (learn this and you can already work)

• Multiple containers: docker-compose

• Data persistence: volume / bind mount

• Image optimization: multi-stage build

• Common pitfalls:

  • The port is not exposed
  • The container exits as soon as it starts
  • Image is too large (>1GB)

3. Kubernetes (K8s) Tutorial (Key Points🔥)

1️⃣ What is K8s used for?

In one sentence:

Automatic deployment, expansion and contraction, restart, and load balancing of Docker containers

When you have:

• multiple servers
• multiple services
• High availability requirements 👉 K8s only makes sense

2️⃣ K8s core concepts (must memorize)

Concept	Human explanation
Pod	Minimum deployment unit (1 ~ multiple containers)
Node	A machine
Cluster	A bunch of Node
Deployment	Manage Pods (replicas, upgrades)
Service	Give Pod a stable entrance
ConfigMap	Configuration
Secret	Password
Ingress	HTTP entry

3️⃣ Local learning environment (recommended)

✅ First choice for newbies:

• minikube or kind

brew install minikube
minikube start

4️⃣ The first K8s application (very important)

deployment.yaml

apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
  name: myapp
spec:
  replicas: 2
  selector:
    matchLabels:
      app: myapp
  template:
    metadata:
      labels:
        app: myapp
    spec:
      containers:
      - name: myapp
        image: nginx
        ports:
        - containerPort: 80

kubectl apply -f deployment.yaml
kubectl get pods

5️⃣ Service (allowing external access)

apiVersion: v1
kind: Service
metadata:
  name: myapp-service
spec:
  type: NodePort
  selector:
    app: myapp
  ports:
    - port: 80
      targetPort: 80
      nodePort: 30007

6️⃣ K8s capabilities you really need to master

• Why does the Pod hang?(kubectl describe pod)
• What do you think of the log?(kubectl logs)
• rolling update
• HPA automatic expansion
• Health check (liveness/readiness)
• Configuration and key management

4. Docker + K8s learning route (follow it)

🟢 Phase 1 (3–5 days)

• Docker basic commands
• Dockerfile
• Run your own web service

🟡Phase 2 (5–7 days)

• docker-compose
• K8s basic concepts
• Deployment + Service

🔵 The third stage (advanced)

• Helm
• CI/CD（GitHub Actions）
• K8s on the cloud (EKS / GKE / ACK)

5. Highly recommended learning resources (high quality)

📘 Official (Must See)

• Docker Docs
• Kubernetes official documentation (available in Chinese)

🎥 Video (suitable for Chinese)

• Bilibili: Silicon Valley Docker/K8s
• Dark Horse Programmer Kubernetes

🧪 Practical projects

• Spring Boot / FastAPI + Docker + K8s
• Microservice deployment